:root{--ink:#17201d;--soft:#4d5752;--paper:#f4f1eb;--deep:#e9e4da;--white:#fffdf8;--gold:#a38a5a;--line:#17201d2e;--serif:"Iowan Old Style","Baskerville","Times New Roman","YuMincho","Yu Mincho",serif;--sans:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN","Yu Gothic","Noto Sans JP",sans-serif}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}body{color:var(--ink);background:var(--paper);font-family:var(--sans);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;margin:0;line-height:1.9}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}img{max-width:100%;display:block}.skip{z-index:100;background:var(--white);padding:9px 15px;position:fixed;top:-100px;left:12px}.skip:focus{top:12px}header{z-index:50;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);backdrop-filter:blur(14px);background:#f4f1ebf0;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;height:78px;padding:0 4.5vw;display:flex;position:fixed;inset:0 0 auto}.brand{align-items:center;gap:13px;display:flex}.mark{aspect-ratio:1;width:39px;font:13px var(--serif);border:1px solid;border-radius:50%;place-items:center;display:grid}.brand-text{font:15px/1.2 var(--serif);letter-spacing:.08em}.brand-text small{font:8px var(--sans);letter-spacing:.22em;opacity:.65;display:block}.nav{letter-spacing:.12em;align-items:center;gap:24px;font-size:11px;display:flex}.nav .active{color:var(--gold)}.nav .box{border:0;padding:0}.container{width:min(1040px,88vw);margin:auto}.editorial-hero{background:var(--ink);color:var(--white);padding:158px 0 92px;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.editorial-hero:after{content:"";filter:invert();opacity:.08;background:url(/shoichi-sasaki-signature.png) 50%/contain no-repeat;width:min(720px,55vw);height:280px;position:absolute;top:82px;right:-4vw}.editorial-hero .container{z-index:1;position:relative}.kicker{color:#c7ae7c;letter-spacing:.27em;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 14px;font-size:10px}.editorial-hero h1{max-width:900px;font:400 clamp(40px,6vw,76px)/1.12 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.035em;margin:0}.editorial-hero-description{color:#fffdf8b8;max-width:720px;margin:26px 0 0}.editorial-hero-actions{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;margin-top:28px;display:flex}.editorial-hero-action{min-height:58px;color:var(--white);letter-spacing:.08em;border:1px solid #fffdf885;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:12px;padding:0 22px;font-size:12px;transition:background .2s,color .2s,border-color .2s;display:inline-flex}.editorial-hero-action__copy{flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:2px;line-height:1.35;display:flex}.editorial-hero-action__copy>span{font-size:12px;line-height:1.35}.editorial-hero-action__copy small{letter-spacing:.08em;opacity:.68;font-size:8px;line-height:1.2}.editorial-hero-action__arrow{font-size:16px;line-height:1}.editorial-hero-action:hover{border-color:var(--white);background:var(--white);color:var(--ink)}.editorial-hero-action:focus-visible{outline-offset:4px;outline:2px solid #c7ae7c}.content-area{padding:76px 0 110px}.content-grid{gap:18px;display:grid}.content-card{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);grid-template-columns:180px 1fr;gap:32px;padding:30px 0;display:grid}.content-card time,.meta{color:var(--gold);font:15px var(--serif)}.content-card h2{font:400 clamp(25px,3vw,38px)/1.25 var(--serif);margin:0 0 8px}.content-card p{color:var(--soft);margin:0;font-size:14px}.empty{color:var(--soft);padding:30px 0 80px}.article-tools{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:0 0 24px;padding:0 0 34px;scroll-margin-top:105px}.article-search-form>label,.article-filter-heading>span:first-child{color:var(--soft);letter-spacing:.12em;margin-bottom:10px;font-size:11px;display:block}.article-search-field{border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--white);align-items:center;min-height:56px;transition:border-color .2s,box-shadow .2s;display:flex}.article-search-field:focus-within{border-color:var(--gold);box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--gold)}.article-search-field svg{fill:none;width:20px;stroke:var(--gold);stroke-width:1.5px;stroke-linecap:round;flex:none;margin-left:18px}.article-search-field input{min-width:0;height:54px;color:var(--ink);font:14px var(--sans);background:0 0;border:0;outline:0;flex:1;padding:0 15px}.article-search-field input::-webkit-search-cancel-button{appearance:none}.article-search-field input::placeholder{color:#4d5752ad}.article-search-field button{border:0;border-left:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink);font:10px var(--sans);letter-spacing:.1em;cursor:pointer;background:0 0;flex:none;align-self:stretch;padding:0 18px}.article-search-field button:disabled{cursor:default;opacity:.35}.article-tag-filter{margin-top:26px}.article-filter-heading{justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:20px;margin-bottom:11px;display:flex}.article-filter-heading>span:first-child{margin:0}.article-filter-heading output{color:var(--gold);font:13px var(--serif)}.article-tag-list{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;display:flex}.article-tag-button{border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink);font:11px var(--sans);cursor:pointer;background:0 0;padding:8px 13px;transition:background .2s,color .2s,border-color .2s}.article-tag-button span{color:var(--gold);font-family:var(--serif);margin-left:5px}.article-tag-button:hover,.article-tag-button:focus-visible{border-color:var(--gold);outline:0}.article-tag-button.active{border-color:var(--ink);background:var(--ink);color:var(--white)}.article-tag-button.active span{color:#d8c393}.article-search-grid{gap:18px;display:grid}.article-search-card{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);grid-template-columns:180px minmax(0,1fr);gap:32px;padding:30px 0;display:grid}.article-search-card[hidden]{display:none}.article-search-card time{color:var(--gold);font:15px var(--serif)}.article-card-link{display:block}.article-search-card h2{font:400 clamp(25px,3vw,38px)/1.25 var(--serif);margin:0 0 8px;transition:color .2s}.article-search-card p{color:var(--soft);margin:0;font-size:14px}.article-card-link:hover h2,.article-card-link:focus-visible h2{color:var(--gold)}.article-card-link:focus-visible{outline:1px solid var(--gold);outline-offset:7px}.article-card-tags{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:7px 13px;margin:17px 0 0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:flex}.article-card-tags a,.article-detail-tags a{color:var(--soft);letter-spacing:.05em;font-size:10px;text-decoration:none;transition:color .2s}.article-card-tags a:hover,.article-card-tags a:focus-visible,.article-detail-tags a:hover,.article-detail-tags a:focus-visible{color:var(--gold);text-underline-offset:4px;outline:0;text-decoration:underline}.article-search-empty{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--soft);margin:42px 0 80px;padding:28px 0}.article-detail-tags{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 16px;margin:-18px 0 38px;display:flex}.article{max-width:780px;margin:auto}.article-meta{color:var(--soft);gap:18px;margin-bottom:34px;font-size:12px;display:flex}.article :where(h2,h3){font-family:var(--serif);margin:2.2em 0 .7em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.35}.article h2{font-size:32px}.article h3{font-size:24px}.article p,.article li{font-size:16px}.article p{margin:1.25em 0}.article a{text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration:underline}.article img{margin:34px auto}.article-note{border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--deep);color:var(--soft);text-align:center;margin-top:62px;padding:24px;font-size:12px}.case-page-actions{border-top:1px solid var(--line);flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;max-width:780px;margin:58px auto 0;padding-top:28px;display:flex}.case-page-actions--index{justify-content:center;max-width:none}.case-page-actions__link{border:1px solid var(--ink);min-height:58px;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:.08em;background:0 0;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:0 21px;font-size:11px;transition:background .2s,color .2s,border-color .2s;display:inline-flex}.case-page-actions__link--primary{background:var(--ink);color:var(--white)}.case-page-actions__copy{flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:2px;line-height:1.35;display:flex}.case-page-actions__copy>span{font-size:11px;line-height:1.35}.case-page-actions__copy small{letter-spacing:.06em;opacity:.68;font-size:8px;line-height:1.2}.case-page-actions__arrow{font-size:16px;line-height:1}.case-page-actions__link:hover,.case-page-actions__link:focus-visible{border-color:var(--gold);background:var(--gold);color:var(--white);outline:0}.case-page-actions__link:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--gold);outline-offset:3px}.article-page-navigation{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;max-width:780px;margin-inline:auto;display:flex}.article-page-navigation--top{max-width:none;margin:30px 0 0;padding:0}.article-page-navigation--bottom{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:58px;padding-top:28px}.article-page-navigation__link{border:1px solid var(--ink);min-height:48px;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:.1em;white-space:nowrap;background:0 0;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:0 21px;font-size:11px;transition:background .2s,color .2s,border-color .2s;display:inline-flex}.article-page-navigation__link--primary{background:var(--ink);color:var(--white)}.article-page-navigation__link:hover,.article-page-navigation__link:focus-visible{border-color:var(--gold);background:var(--gold);color:var(--white);outline:0}.article-page-navigation__link:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--gold);outline-offset:3px}.editorial-hero .article-page-navigation__link{color:var(--white);border-color:#fffdf894}.editorial-hero .article-page-navigation__link--primary{border-color:var(--white);background:var(--white);color:var(--ink)}.editorial-hero .article-page-navigation__link:hover,.editorial-hero .article-page-navigation__link:focus-visible{color:var(--ink);background:#c7ae7c;border-color:#c7ae7c}.article-lead{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink);padding:0 0 2.2em;font:400 clamp(20px,2.4vw,27px)/1.9 var(--serif)!important;margin:0 0 3.4em!important}.article-figure{margin:42px 0}.article-figure img{aspect-ratio:auto;object-fit:contain;background:var(--deep);border-radius:2px;width:100%;height:auto;margin:0}.article-figure--diagram{max-width:660px;margin-inline:auto}.article-figure--compact-diagram{max-width:480px;margin-inline:auto}.article-figure figcaption{color:var(--soft);margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.75}.article .article-fee-note{color:var(--soft);margin-top:-.35em;font-size:12px;line-height:1.75}.article .article-image-note{color:var(--soft);margin:-24px 0 0;font-size:12px;line-height:1.75}.article-figure--wide-diagram{max-width:820px;margin-inline:auto}.article-image-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:22px;margin:42px 0;display:grid}.article-image-grid .article-figure{margin:0}.article-image-grid .article-figure img{aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover}.article-image-grid--natural .article-figure img{aspect-ratio:auto;object-fit:contain;height:auto}.article-callout{border-top:1px solid var(--gold);border-bottom:1px solid var(--gold);background:#a38a5a0f;grid-template-columns:78px 1fr;align-items:start;gap:20px;margin:44px 0;padding:24px 26px;display:grid}.article-callout span{color:var(--gold);font:11px var(--sans);letter-spacing:.2em;padding-top:5px}.article-callout p{font:400 19px/1.8 var(--serif);margin:0}.article-summary{background:var(--deep);margin:34px 0;padding:28px 30px}.article-summary p:first-child{margin-top:0}.article-summary ol{margin:14px 0 0;padding-left:1.5em}.article-summary li+li{margin-top:.7em}.article-timeline{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:42px 0}.article-timeline__item{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);grid-template-columns:140px minmax(0,1fr);gap:30px;padding:24px 0;display:grid}.article-timeline__item>span{color:var(--gold);font:20px var(--serif)}.article-timeline__item strong{font:400 24px/1.4 var(--serif)}.article-timeline__item p{color:var(--soft);margin:.35em 0 0;font-size:14px}.article-timeline__continuation{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);text-align:center;background:#a38a5a0f;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:18px;padding:27px 24px;display:flex}.article-timeline__continuation>span{color:var(--gold);font:30px/1 var(--serif)}.article-timeline__continuation>strong{font:400 22px/1.55 var(--serif)}.article-classification{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:42px 0}.article-classification__item{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:36px 0}.article-classification__heading{align-items:baseline;gap:20px;display:flex}.article-classification__number,.article .article-classification__title{font:400 30px/1.35 var(--serif)}.article-classification__number{color:var(--gold);flex:none}.article-classification__title{margin:0!important}.article-classification__body{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 300px;align-items:start;gap:28px;margin-top:20px;display:grid}.article-classification__examples{color:var(--gold);letter-spacing:.04em;margin:0 0 12px!important;font-size:13px!important}.article-classification__copy>p:last-child{color:var(--soft);margin:0}.article-classification__figure{margin:0}.article-classification__figure img{background:#fff}.article-classification__figure figcaption{margin-top:8px;font-size:10px;line-height:1.65}.article-reference-lock{border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink);background:linear-gradient(135deg,#a38a5a14,#ffffff8f);align-items:center;gap:18px;margin:28px 0 52px;padding:24px 26px;display:flex}.article-reference-lock__icon{border:1px solid var(--gold);width:42px;height:42px;color:var(--gold);border-radius:50%;flex:none;place-items:center;display:grid}.article-reference-lock__icon svg{fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.5px;width:20px;height:20px}.article-reference-lock strong{font:400 19px/1.5 var(--serif);letter-spacing:.04em;display:block}.article-reference-lock p{color:var(--soft);margin:4px 0 0;font-size:12px}footer{background:var(--ink);color:#fffdf8b3;letter-spacing:.08em;padding:28px 5vw;font-size:10px}.footer-row{justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;display:flex}.medical{letter-spacing:.02em;max-width:1050px;margin:17px 0 0;line-height:1.75}@media (width<=820px){.nav{gap:10px}.nav a{white-space:nowrap;align-items:center;display:inline-flex}.content-card,.article-search-card{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:7px}.footer-row{display:block}.footer-row span{margin-top:5px;display:block}}@media (width<=560px){header{height:68px;padding:0 12px}.brand{display:none}.nav{letter-spacing:.025em;flex:1;justify-content:space-between;gap:5px;font-size:clamp(7px,2.05vw,8px)}.nav a{white-space:nowrap;padding:6px 2px}.nav .box{padding:6px 2px}.editorial-hero{padding:130px 0 70px}.editorial-hero:after{width:120vw;right:-25vw}.container{width:88vw}.content-area{padding:55px 0 85px}.article-tools{padding-bottom:28px;scroll-margin-top:82px}.article-search-field{min-height:52px}.article-search-field svg{width:18px;margin-left:13px}.article-search-field input{height:50px;padding:0 10px;font-size:12px}.article-search-field button{padding:0 12px;font-size:9px}.article-tag-button{padding:7px 10px;font-size:10px}.article-filter-heading{align-items:center}.article-search-card{padding:25px 0}.article-card-tags{margin-top:14px}.article h2{font-size:27px}.article-image-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px}.article-callout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:4px;padding:20px}.article-summary{padding:22px}.article-lead{font-size:19px!important}.article-timeline__item{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:4px;padding:20px 0}.article-timeline__item>span{font-size:17px}.article-timeline__item strong{font-size:21px}.article-classification__item{padding:28px 0}.article-classification__heading{align-items:flex-start;gap:12px}.article-classification__number,.article .article-classification__title{font-size:24px}.article-classification__body{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:22px;margin-top:16px}.article-classification__examples{font-size:12px!important}.article-classification__figure{max-width:420px;margin-inline:auto}.editorial-hero-actions{align-items:stretch}.editorial-hero-action{flex:100%;min-height:54px}.case-page-actions{gap:8px;margin-top:46px;padding-top:24px}.case-page-actions__link{flex:100%;min-width:0;min-height:54px;padding:0 12px}.article-page-navigation{gap:8px}.article-page-navigation--top{margin:24px 0 0;padding:0}.article-page-navigation--bottom{margin-top:46px;padding-top:24px}.article-page-navigation__link{letter-spacing:.05em;flex:calc(50% - 4px);min-width:0;min-height:46px;padding:0 12px;font-size:10px}}.article-search-card h2{white-space:nowrap;letter-spacing:-.015em;font-size:clamp(24px,2.45vw,31px)}.editorial-hero h1.editorial-title--single-line{white-space:nowrap;max-width:none;font-size:var(--editorial-title-size)}@media (width<=820px){.article-search-card h2{font-size:clamp(17px,3vw,24px)}}@media (width<=560px){.article-search-card h2{letter-spacing:-.035em;font-size:clamp(11px,3.15vw,17px)}}.case-tag-filter{margin-top:0}.article-tag-button:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;opacity:.38}.article-tag-button:disabled:hover,.article-tag-button:disabled:focus-visible{border-color:var(--line)}.case-search-card h2{white-space:normal}.article-lead{border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--deep);color:var(--ink);padding:26px 30px 28px;font:400 clamp(16px,1.65vw,19px)/1.9 var(--serif)!important;margin:0 0 3.4em!important}.article-lead:before{content:"Take Home Message";color:var(--gold);font:500 10px/1.2 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.15em;margin:0 0 13px;display:block}@media (width<=560px){.article-lead{padding:21px 20px 23px;font-size:15px!important}.article-lead:before{margin-bottom:10px;font-size:9px}}